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Erthygl

Erthygl
Sut mae mathau GSD a drôn cludwr yn effeithio ar gywirdeb cymharol model 3D

Yn yr erthygl ddiwethaf Sut mae pwyntiau rheoli daear a data PPK yn effeithio ar gywirdeb cymharol model 3D, rydym wedi sôn, yn ogystal â setiau data GCP a PPK, bod y GSD a'r drôn cludwr hefyd yn cael rhywfaint o effeithiau ar gywirdeb cymharol y 3D model. Felly rydyn ni'n gwneud prawf arall i'w wirio.

Arbrawf 1: effaith GSD ar gywirdeb cymharol y model 3D;

Amod 1

Cludwr drôn

Camera oblique

GCPau

PPK

 CW10 VTOL

DG4pros

NA

NA

Tabl Canlyniad 1:

Nifer y Gwrthrychau

hyd mesur (L0)

Hyd model 3D (L1) GSD = 2cm

Hyd model 3D (L2) GSD = 1.5cm

DS1 (L0-L1)

DS2 (L0-L2)

1

7.210

7.18

7.20

0.030

0.010

 

8.706

8.69

8.65

0.016

0.056

 

10.961

10.89

10.90

0.071

0.061

2

7.010

6.88

6.86

0.130

0.150

3

1.822

1.76

1.76

0.062

0.062

4

10.410

10.38

10.37

0.030

0.040

5

10.718

10.65

10.68

0.068

0.038

6

13.787

13.72

13.71

0.067

0.077

7

11.404

11.41

11.38

-0.006

0.024

 

12.147

12.13

12.12

0.017

0.027

8

7.526

7.44

7.49

0.086

0.036

 

13.797

13.83

13.77

-0.033

0.027

9

10.374

10.35

10.35

0.024

0.024

10

2.109

1.98

2.09

0.129

0.019

 

4.281

4.14

4.19

0.141

0.091

11

14.675

14.55

14.64

0.125

0.035

 

8.600

8.58

8.57

0.020

0.030

12

13.394

13.36

13.38

0.034

0.014

13

12.940

12.95

12.91

-0.010

0.030

14

7.190

7.21

7.20

-0.020

-0.010

15

13.371

13.36

13.38

0.011

-0.009

 

6.435

6.37

6.43

0.065

0.005

16

3.742

3.74

3.70

0.002

0.042

17

6.022

6.03

5.99

-0.008

0.032

18

3.937

3.91

3.94

0.027

-0.003

19

8.120

8.09

8.12

0.030

0.000

 

14.411

14.40

14.37

0.011

0.041

20

6.077

6.06

6.04

0.017

0.037

21

13.696

13.68

13.65

0.016

0.046

RMSE : DS1 = 0.0397m , DS2 = 0.0356m

Amod 2

Cludwr drôn

Camera oblique

GCPau

PPK

CW10 VTOL

DG4pros

Ydw

Na

Tabl Canlyniad 2:

Nifer y Gwrthrychau

hyd mesur (L0)

Hyd model 3D (L1) GSD = 2cm

Hyd model 3D (L2) GSD = 1.5cm

DS1 (L0-L1)

DS2 (L0-L2)

1

7.210

7.18

7.21

0.030

0

 

8.706

8.68

8.68

0.026

0.026

 

10.961

10.91

10.87

0.051

0.091

2

7.010

6.92

6.88

0.090

0.13

3

1.822

1.79

1.76

0.032

0.062

4

10.410

10.39

10.38

0.020

0.03

5

10.718

10.66

10.72

0.058

-0.002

6

13.787

13.77

13.79

0.017

-0.003

7

11.404

11.38

11.38

0.024

0.024

 

12.147

12.12

12.13

0.027

0.017

8

7.526

7.47

7.53

0.056

-0.004

 

13.797

13.83

13.78

-0.033

0.017

9

10.374

10.34

10.37

0.034

0.004

10

2.109

2.03

2.11

0.079

-0.001

 

4.281

4.18

4.28

0.101

0.001

11

14.675

14.59

14.67

0.085

0.005

 

8.600

8.57

8.58

0.030

0.02

12

13.394

13.35

13.39

0.044

0.004

13

12.940

12.92

12.9

0.020

0.04

14

7.190

7.21

7.19

-0.020

0

15

13.371

13.36

13.37

0.011

0.001

 

6.435

6.43

6.42

0.005

0.015

16

3.742

3.72

3.7

0.022

0.042

17

6.022

6.00

5.98

0.022

0.042

18

3.937

3.94

3.91

-0.003

0.027

19

8.120

8.09

8.07

0.030

0.05

 

14.411

14.41

14.38

0.001

0.031

20

6.077

6.03

6.04

0.047

0.037

21

13.696

13.65

13.65

0.046

0.046

RMSE: DS1 = 0.0328m , DS2 = 0.0259m

Amod 3

Cludwr drôn

Camera oblique

GCPau

PPK

CW10 VTOL

DG4pros

NA

OES

 

Tabl Canlyniad 3:

Nifer y Gwrthrychau

hyd mesur (L0)

Hyd model 3D (L1) GSD = 2cm

Hyd model 3D (L2) GSD = 1.5cm

DS1 (L0-L1)

DS2 (L0-L2)

1

7.210

7.20

7.20

0.01

0.01

 

8.706

8.71

8.69

0.00

0.02

 

10.961

10.87

10.88

0.09

0.08

2

7.010

6.89

6.87

0.12

0.14

3

1.822

1.79

1.75

0.03

0.07

4

10.410

10.39

10.38

0.02

0.03

5

10.718

10.67

10.69

0.05

0.03

6

13.787

13.75

13.78

0.04

0.01

7

11.404

11.39

11.38

0.01

0.02

 

12.147

12.13

12.12

0.02

0.03

8

7.526

7.51

7.49

0.02

0.04

 

13.797

13.79

13.78

0.01

0.02

9

10.374

10.35

10.34

0.02

0.03

10

2.109

2.03

2.02

0.08

0.09

 

4.281

4.15

4.21

0.13

0.07

11

14.675

14.61

14.65

0.07

0.03

 

8.600

8.60

8.57

0.00

0.03

12

13.394

13.37

13.40

0.02

-0.01

13

12.940

12.88

12.89

0.06

0.05

14

7.190

7.20

7.18

-0.01

0.01

15

13.371

13.36

13.38

0.01

-0.01

 

6.435

6.40

6.46

0.03

-0.03

16

3.742

3.75

3.75

-0.01

-0.01

17

6.022

5.97

5.97

0.05

0.05

18

3.937

3.93

3.91

0.01

0.03

19

8.120

8.10

8.08

0.02

0.04

 

14.411

14.40

14.38

0.01

0.03

20

6.077

6.04

6.05

0.04

0.03

21

13.696

13.65

13.67

0.05

0.03

RMSE: DS1 = 0.0342m , DS2 = 0.0328m

Amod 4

Cludwr drôn

Camera oblique

GCPau

PPK

CW10 VTOL

DG4pros

OES

OES

Tabl Canlyniad 4:

Nifer y Gwrthrychau

hyd mesur (L0)

Hyd model 3D (L1) GSD = 2cm

Hyd model 3D (L2) GSD = 1.5cm

DS1 (L0-L1)

DS2 (L0-L2)

1

7.21

7.21

7.21

0.00

0.00

8.706

8.68

8.7

0.03

0.01

10.961

10.90

10.89

0.06

0.07

2

7.01

6.98

6.99

0.03

0.02

3

1.822

1.80

1.78

0.02

0.04

4

10.41

10.40

10.39

0.01

0.02

5

10.718

10.70

10.69

0.02

0.03

6

13.787

13.77

13.76

0.02

0.03

7

11.404

11.39

11.39

0.01

0.01

12.147

12.13

12.12

0.02

0.03

8

7.526

7.49

7.51

0.04

0.02

13.797

13.81

13.8

-0.01

0.00

9

10.374

10.36

10.35

0.01

0.02

10

2.109

2.02

2.11

0.09

0.00

4.281

4.16

4.28

0.12

0.00

11

14.675

14.66

14.68

0.02

0.00

8.6

8.54

8.53

0.06

0.07

12

13.394

13.35

13.37

0.04

0.02

13

12.94

12.89

12.91

0.05

0.03

14

7.19

7.18

7.2

0.01

-0.01

15

13.371

13.35

13.35

0.02

0.02

6.435

6.41

6.4

0.02

0.03

16

3.742

3.72

3.71

0.02

0.03

17

6.022

5.98

5.98

0.04

0.04

18

3.937

3.89

3.89

0.05

0.05

19

8.12

8.12

8.1

0.00

0.02

14.411

14.40

14.39

0.01

0.02

20

6.077

6.03

6.03

0.05

0.05

21

13.696

13.66

13.64

0.04

0.06

RMSE : DS1 = 0.0308m , DS2 = 0.0249m

Casgliadau

Newidynnau arbrawf 1 yw:

1: Gyda / Heb ddata PPK.

2: Gyda / Heb GCPau.

3: GSD gwahanol : 1.5 cm neu 2cm

Ar ôl dadansoddi'r pedair set o ddata arbrofol, gallwn ddod i'r casgliadau canlynol:

 

Pan fydd y camera oblique yn DG4Pros:

(1) Gyda / Heb bwynt rheoli daear (GCP) a data PPK sy'n ymwneud â'r triongli AT, p'un a yw'n VTOL neu'n drôn aml-rotor, p'un a yw'r GSD yn 2cm neu 1.5cm, y model 3D a adeiladwyd gan gamera oblique DG4Pros yn gallu cwrdd â gofynion gwall cywirdeb cymharol Ds≤10cm (Mewn gwirionedd ≤5cm).

(2) Pan mai'r GSD yw'r newidyn sengl, mae cywirdeb cymharol y model 3D gyda GSD = 1.5cm yn well na'r GSD = 2cm.

Arbrawf 2: effaith mathau o drôn cludwyr ar gywirdeb cymharol y model 3D

Amod 1

Camera oblique

GCPau

PPK

GSD

DG4pros

NA

NA

1.5cm

Tabl Canlyniad 1:

Nifer y Gwrthrychau

hyd mesur (L0)

Hyd model 3D (L1) CW10

Hyd model 3D (L2) M600Pro

DS1 (L0-L1)

DS2 (L0-L2)

1

7.21

7.20

7.19

0.010

0.02

 

8.706

8.65

8.70

0.056

0.01

 

10.961

10.90

10.91

0.061

0.05

2

7.01

6.86

6.98

0.150

0.03

3

1.822

1.76

1.79

0.062

0.03

4

10.41

10.37

10.39

0.040

0.02

5

10.718

10.68

10.69

0.038

0.03

6

13.787

13.71

13.76

0.077

0.03

7

11.404

11.38

11.38

0.024

0.02

 

12.147

12.12

12.12

0.027

0.03

8

7.526

7.49

7.50

0.036

0.03

 

13.797

13.77

13.77

0.027

0.03

9

10.374

10.35

10.33

0.024

0.04

10

2.109

2.09

2.02

0.019

0.09

 

4.281

4.19

4.20

0.091

0.08

11

14.675

14.64

14.65

0.035

0.03

 

8.6

8.57

8.57

0.030

0.03

12

13.394

13.38

13.35

0.014

0.04

13

12.94

12.91

12.92

0.030

0.02

14

7.19

7.20

7.17

-0.010

0.02

15

13.371

13.38

13.35

-0.009

0.02

 

6.435

6.43

6.41

0.005

0.02

16

3.742

3.70

3.70

0.042

0.04

17

6.022

5.99

5.99

0.032

0.03

18

3.937

3.94

3.89

-0.003

0.05

19

8.12

8.12

8.08

0.000

0.04

 

14.411

14.37

14.36

0.041

0.05

20

6.077

6.04

6.06

0.037

0.02

21

13.696

13.65

13.65

0.046

0.05

RMSE: DS1 = 0.0356m , DS2 = 0.342m

Amod 2

Camera oblique

GCPau

PPK

GSD

DG4pros

OES

NA

1.5cm

 

Tabl Canlyniad 2:

Nifer y Gwrthrychau

hyd mesur (L0)

Hyd model 3D (L1) CW10

Hyd model 3D (L2) M600Pro

DS1 (L0-L1)

DS2 (L0-L2)

1

7.21

7.21

7.21

0

0.00

 

8.706

8.68

8.70

0.026

0.01

 

10.961

10.87

10.91

0.091

0.05

2

7.01

6.88

6.98

0.13

0.03

3

1.822

1.76

1.80

0.062

0.02

4

10.41

10.38

10.39

0.03

0.02

5

10.718

10.72

10.70

-0.002

0.02

6

13.787

13.79

13.75

-0.003

0.04

7

11.404

11.38

11.38

0.024

0.02

 

12.147

12.13

12.13

0.017

0.02

8

7.526

7.53

7.49

-0.004

0.04

 

13.797

13.78

13.79

0.017

0.01

9

10.374

10.37

10.35

0.004

0.02

10

2.109

2.11

2.07

-0.001

0.04

 

4.281

4.28

4.21

0.001

0.07

11

14.675

14.67

14.66

0.005

0.02

 

8.6

8.58

8.57

0.02

0.03

12

13.394

13.39

13.35

0.004

0.04

13

12.94

12.9

12.93

0.04

0.01

14

7.19

7.19

7.18

0

0.01

15

13.371

13.37

13.36

0.001

0.01

 

6.435

6.42

6.42

0.015

0.01

16

3.742

3.7

3.71

0.042

0.03

17

6.022

5.98

6.00

0.042

0.02

18

3.937

3.91

3.91

0.027

0.03

19

8.12

8.07

8.10

0.05

0.02

 

14.411

14.38

14.35

0.031

0.06

20

6.077

6.04

6.06

0.037

0.02

21

13.696

13.65

13.67

0.046

0.03

RMSE: DS1 = 0.0259m , DS2 = 0.256m

Casgliadau

Newidynnau arbrawf 2 yw:

1: Gyda / Heb GCPau.

2: Drôn Cludwr gwahanol: drôn VTOL neu drôn aml-rotor

Ar ôl dadansoddi'r ddwy set o ddata arbrofol, gallwn ddod i'r casgliadau canlynol:

 

Pan fydd y camera oblique yn DG4Pros:

(1) Gyda / Heb bwynt rheoli daear (GCP) p'un a yw'n VTOL neu'n drôn aml-rotor, gall y model 3D a adeiladwyd gan gamera oblique DG4Pros fodloni gofynion gwall cywirdeb cymharol Ds≤10cm (Mewn gwirionedd ≤5cm).

(2) Pan mai'r mathau drôn cludwr yw'r newidyn sengl, mae cywirdeb cymharol y model 3D ag aml-rotor yn well na hynny gyda VTOL, ond nid yw'r gwahaniaeth yn fawr iawn.