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Erthygl
Sut mae pwyntiau rheoli a data PPK yn effeithio ar gywirdeb cymharol model 3D

Yn y ddau arbrawf hwn, gwnaethom gyflwyno pedwar newidyn gwahanol i wirio cywirdeb cymharol y model 3D. Y pedwar newidyn gwahanol yw:

1: Mathau drôn cludo: drôn VTOL neu drôn aml-rotor

2: GSD gwahanol

3: Gyda / Heb bwyntiau rheoli daear

4: Gyda / Heb ddata PPK

Arbrawf 1: effaith pwyntiau rheoli daear (GCP) ar gywirdeb cymharol y model 3D;

Amod 1

Cludwr drôn

Camera oblique

GSD

PPK

CW10 VTOL

DG4pros

2cm

Ydw

Tabl Canlyniad 1:

Nifer y Gwrthrychau

hyd mesur (L0)

Hyd model 3D (L1) heb GCP

Hyd model 3D (L2) gyda GCP

Ds1 (L0-L1)

Ds2 (L0-L2)

1

7.210

7.20

7.21

0.01

0.00

 

8.706

8.71

8.68

0.00

0.03

 

10.961

10.87

10.90

0.09

0.06

2

7.010

6.89

6.98

0.12

0.03

3

1.822

1.79

1.80

0.03

0.02

4

10.410

10.39

10.40

0.02

0.01

5

10.718

10.67

10.70

0.05

0.02

6

13.787

13.75

13.77

0.04

0.02

7

11.404

11.39

11.39

0.01

0.01

 

12.147

12.13

12.13

0.02

0.02

8

7.526

7.51

7.49

0.02

0.04

 

13.797

13.79

13.81

0.01

-0.01

9

10.374

10.35

10.36

0.02

0.01

10

2.109

2.03

2.02

0.08

0.09

 

4.281

4.15

4.16

0.13

0.12

11

14.675

14.61

14.66

0.07

0.02

 

8.600

8.60

8.54

0.00

0.06

12

13.394

13.37

13.35

0.02

0.04

13

12.940

12.88

12.89

0.06

0.05

14

7.190

7.20

7.18

-0.01

0.01

15

13.371

13.36

13.35

0.01

0.02

 

6.435

6.40

6.41

0.03

0.02

16

3.742

3.75

3.72

-0.01

0.02

17

6.022

5.97

5.98

0.05

0.04

18

3.937

3.93

3.89

0.01

0.05

19

8.120

8.10

8.12

0.02

0.00

 

14.411

14.40

14.40

0.01

0.01

20

6.077

6.04

6.03

0.04

0.05

21

13.696

13.65

13.66

0.05

0.04

RMSE: Ds1 = 0.0342m , Ds2 = 0.0308m

Amod 2

Cludwr drôn

Camera oblique

GSD

PPK

CW10 VTOL

DG4pros

2cm

Na

Tabl Canlyniad 2:

Nifer y Gwrthrychau

hyd mesur (L0)

Hyd model 3D (L1) heb GCP

Hyd model 3D (L2) gyda GCP

Ds1 (L0-L1)

Ds2 (L0-L2)

1

7.210

7.18

7.18

0.030

0.030

 

8.706

8.69

8.68

0.016

0.026

 

10.961

10.89

10.91

0.071

0.051

2

7.010

6.88

6.92

0.130

0.090

3

1.822

1.76

1.79

0.062

0.032

4

10.410

10.38

10.39

0.030

0.020

5

10.718

10.65

10.66

0.068

0.058

6

13.787

13.72

13.77

0.067

0.017

7

11.404

11.41

11.38

-0.006

0.024

 

12.147

12.13

12.12

0.017

0.027

8

7.526

7.44

7.47

0.086

0.056

 

13.797

13.83

13.83

-0.033

-0.033

9

10.374

10.35

10.34

0.024

0.034

10

2.109

1.98

2.03

0.129

0.079

 

4.281

4.14

4.18

0.141

0.101

11

14.675

14.55

14.59

0.125

0.085

 

8.600

8.58

8.57

0.020

0.030

12

13.394

13.36

13.35

0.034

0.044

13

12.940

12.95

12.92

-0.010

0.020

14

7.190

7.21

7.21

-0.020

-0.020

15

13.371

13.36

13.36

0.011

0.011

 

6.435

6.37

6.43

0.065

0.005

16

3.742

3.74

3.72

0.002

0.022

17

6.022

6.03

6.00

-0.008

0.022

18

3.937

3.91

3.94

0.027

-0.003

19

8.120

8.09

8.09

0.030

0.030

 

14.411

14.40

14.41

0.011

0.001

20

6.077

6.06

6.03

0.017

0.047

21

13.696

13.68

13.65

0.016

0.046

RMSE: Ds1 = 0.0397m , Ds2 = 0.0328m

Amod 3

Cludwr drôn

Camera oblique

GSD

PPK

CW10 VTOL

DG4pros

1.5cm

Ydw

Tabl Canlyniad 3:

Nifer y Gwrthrychau

hyd mesur (L0)

Hyd model 3D (L1) heb GCP

Hyd model 3D (L2) gyda GCP

Ds1 (L0-L1)

Ds2 (L0-L2)

1

7.210

7.20

7.21

0.01

0.00

 

8.706

8.69

8.7

0.02

0.01

 

10.961

10.88

10.89

0.08

0.07

2

7.010

6.87

6.99

0.14

0.02

3

1.822

1.75

1.78

0.07

0.04

4

10.410

10.38

10.39

0.03

0.02

5

10.718

10.69

10.69

0.03

0.03

6

13.787

13.78

13.76

0.01

0.03

7

11.404

11.38

11.39

0.02

0.01

 

12.147

12.12

12.12

0.03

0.03

8

7.526

7.49

7.51

0.04

0.02

 

13.797

13.78

13.8

0.02

0.00

9

10.374

10.34

10.35

0.03

0.02

10

2.109

2.02

2.11

0.09

0.00

 

4.281

4.21

4.28

0.07

0.00

11

14.675

14.65

14.68

0.03

0.00

 

8.600

8.57

8.53

0.03

0.07

12

13.394

13.40

13.37

-0.01

0.02

13

12.940

12.89

12.91

0.05

0.03

14

7.190

7.18

7.2

0.01

-0.01

15

13.371

13.38

13.35

-0.01

0.02

 

6.435

6.46

6.4

-0.03

0.03

16

3.742

3.75

3.71

-0.01

0.03

17

6.022

5.97

5.98

0.05

0.04

18

3.937

3.91

3.89

0.03

0.05

19

8.120

8.08

8.1

0.04

0.02

 

14.411

14.38

14.39

0.03

0.02

20

6.077

6.05

6.03

0.03

0.05

21

13.696

13.67

13.64

0.03

0.06

RMSE: Ds1 = 0.0328m , Ds2 = 0.0249m

Amod 4

Cludwr drôn

Camera oblique

GSD

PPK

CW10 VTOL

DG4pros

1.5cm

Na

Tabl Canlyniad 4:

Nifer y Gwrthrychau

hyd mesur (L0)

Hyd model 3D (L1) heb GCP

Hyd model 3D (L2) gyda GCP

Ds1 (L0-L1)

Ds2 (L0-L2)

1

7.210

7.20

7.21

0.010

0

 

8.706

8.65

8.68

0.056

0.026

 

10.961

10.90

10.87

0.061

0.091

2

7.010

6.86

6.88

0.150

0.13

3

1.822

1.76

1.76

0.062

0.062

4

10.410

10.37

10.38

0.040

0.03

5

10.718

10.68

10.72

0.038

-0.002

6

13.787

13.71

13.79

0.077

-0.003

7

11.404

11.38

11.38

0.024

0.024

 

12.147

12.12

12.13

0.027

0.017

8

7.526

7.49

7.53

0.036

-0.004

 

13.797

13.77

13.78

0.027

0.017

9

10.374

10.35

10.37

0.024

0.004

10

2.109

2.09

2.11

0.019

-0.001

 

4.281

4.19

4.28

0.091

0.001

11

14.675

14.64

14.67

0.035

0.005

 

8.600

8.57

8.58

0.030

0.02

12

13.394

13.38

13.39

0.014

0.004

13

12.940

12.91

12.9

0.030

0.04

14

7.190

7.20

7.19

-0.010

0

15

13.371

13.38

13.37

-0.009

0.001

 

6.435

6.43

6.42

0.005

0.015

16

3.742

3.70

3.7

0.042

0.042

17

6.022

5.99

5.98

0.032

0.042

18

3.937

3.94

3.91

-0.003

0.027

19

8.120

8.12

8.07

0.000

0.05

 

14.411

14.37

14.38

0.041

0.031

20

6.077

6.04

6.04

0.037

0.037

21

13.696

13.65

13.65

0.046

0.046

RMSE: Ds1 = 0.0356m , Ds2 = 0.0259m

Amod 5

Cludwr drôn

Camera oblique

GSD

PPK

Aml-rotor DJI M600 Pro

DG4pros

1.5cm

Na

Tabl Canlyniad 5:

Nifer y Gwrthrychau

hyd mesur (L0)

Hyd model 3D (L1) heb GCP

Hyd model 3D (L2) gyda GCP

Ds1 (L0-L1)

Ds2 (L0-L2)

1

7.210

7.19

7.21

0.02

0.00

 

8.706

8.70

8.70

0.01

0.01

 

10.961

10.91

10.91

0.05

0.05

2

7.010

6.98

6.98

0.03

0.03

3

1.822

1.79

1.80

0.03

0.02

4

10.410

10.39

10.39

0.02

0.02

5

10.718

10.69

10.70

0.03

0.02

6

13.787

13.76

13.75

0.03

0.04

7

11.404

11.38

11.38

0.02

0.02

 

12.147

12.12

12.13

0.03

0.02

8

7.526

7.50

7.49

0.03

0.04

 

13.797

13.77

13.79

0.03

0.01

9

10.374

10.33

10.35

0.04

0.02

10

2.109

2.02

2.07

0.09

0.04

 

4.281

4.20

4.21

0.08

0.07

11

14.675

14.65

14.66

0.03

0.02

 

8.600

8.57

8.57

0.03

0.03

12

13.394

13.35

13.35

0.04

0.04

13

12.940

12.92

12.93

0.02

0.01

14

7.190

7.17

7.18

0.02

0.01

15

13.371

13.35

13.36

0.02

0.01

 

6.435

6.41

6.42

0.02

0.01

16

3.742

3.70

3.71

0.04

0.03

17

6.022

5.99

6.00

0.03

0.02

18

3.937

3.89

3.91

0.05

0.03

19

8.120

8.08

8.10

0.04

0.02

 

14.411

14.36

14.35

0.05

0.06

20

6.077

6.06

6.06

0.02

0.02

21

13.696

13.65

13.67

0.05

0.03

RMSE: Ds1 = 0.0342m , Ds2 = 0.0256m

Casgliadau

Newidynnau arbrawf 1 yw:

1: Gyda / Heb ddata PPK.

2: Mathau drôn cludo: drôn VTOL neu drôn aml-rotor

3: GSD gwahanol : 1.5 cm neu 2cm

Ar ôl dadansoddi'r pum set o ddata arbrofol, gallwn ddod i'r casgliadau canlynol:

Pan fydd y camera oblique yn DG4Pros:

(1) Gyda / Heb bwynt rheoli daear (GCP) sy'n ymwneud â'r triongli AT, p'un a yw'n VTOL neu'n drôn aml-rotor, p'un a yw'r GSD yn 2cm neu 1.5cm, gall y model 3D a adeiladwyd gan gamera oblique DG4Pros gwrdd â'r gofynion gwall cywirdeb cymharol Ds≤10cm.

(2) Pan gyda / heb GCP yw'r newidyn sengl, mae cywirdeb cymharol y model 3D gyda GCP yn well na hynny heb GCP.

(3) Pan mai'r GSD yw'r newidyn sengl, mae cywirdeb cymharol y model 3D bod GSD 1.5cm yn well na'r GSD 2cm hwnnw.

(4) Pan mai'r drôn cludwr yw'r newidyn sengl, mae cywirdeb cymharol y model 3D bod defnyddio aml-rotor yn well na hynny gan ddefnyddio VTOL fel drôn cludwr.

Arbrawf 2: Heb GCPau, effaith data PPK ar gywirdeb cymharol y model 3D

Amod 1

Cludwr drôn

Camera oblique

GSD

GCPau

CW10 VTOL

DG4pros

2cm

NA

Tabl Canlyniad 1:

Nifer y Gwrthrychau

hyd mesur (L0)

Hyd model 3D (L1) heb PPK

Hyd model 3D (L2) gyda PPK

Ds1 (L0-L1)

Ds2 (L0-L2)

1

7.210

7.18

7.20

0.030

0.01

 

8.706

8.69

8.71

0.016

0.00

 

10.961

10.89

10.87

0.071

0.09

2

7.010

6.88

6.89

0.130

0.12

3

1.822

1.76

1.79

0.062

0.03

4

10.410

10.38

10.39

0.030

0.02

5

10.718

10.65

10.67

0.068

0.05

6

13.787

13.72

13.75

0.067

0.04

7

11.404

11.41

11.39

-0.006

0.01

 

12.147

12.13

12.13

0.017

0.02

8

7.526

7.44

7.51

0.086

0.02

 

13.797

13.83

13.79

-0.033

0.01

9

10.374

10.35

10.35

0.024

0.02

10

2.109

1.98

2.03

0.129

0.08

 

4.281

4.14

4.15

0.141

0.13

11

14.675

14.55

14.61

0.125

0.07

 

8.600

8.58

8.60

0.020

0.00

12

13.394

13.36

13.37

0.034

0.02

13

12.940

12.95

12.88

-0.010

0.06

14

7.190

7.21

7.20

-0.020

-0.01

15

13.371

13.36

13.36

0.011

0.01

 

6.435

6.37

6.40

0.065

0.03

16

3.742

3.74

3.75

0.002

-0.01

17

6.022

6.03

5.97

-0.008

0.05

18

3.937

3.91

3.93

0.027

0.01

19

8.120

8.09

8.10

0.030

0.02

 

14.411

14.40

14.40

0.011

0.01

20

6.077

6.06

6.04

0.017

0.04

21

13.696

13.68

13.65

0.016

0.05

RMSE Ds1 = 0.0397m , Ds2 = 0.0342m